瀝青料的性能測試

　　Performance testing of asphalt materials

　　針入度測試：用于測定瀝青的稠度，反映瀝青的軟硬程度。針入度越小，瀝青越硬。

　　Penetration test: used to determine the consistency of asphalt and reflect its softness and hardness. The smaller the penetration, the harder the asphalt.

　　軟化點測試：測定瀝青在一定條件下軟化的溫度，反映瀝青的高溫穩定性。軟化點越高，瀝青的高溫穩定性越好。

　　Softening point test: Determine the temperature at which asphalt softens under certain conditions, reflecting the high-temperature stability of asphalt. The higher the softening point, the better the high-temperature stability of asphalt.

　　延度測試：測量瀝青在一定溫度下的拉伸性能，反映瀝青的低溫抗裂性。延度越大，瀝青的低溫抗裂性越好。

　　Ductility test: measures the tensile performance of asphalt at a certain temperature, reflecting the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt. The greater the ductility, the better the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt.

　　粘度測試：測定瀝青的粘性，反映瀝青的流動性能。粘度越大，瀝青的流動性越差。

　　Viscosity test: Determine the viscosity of asphalt and reflect its flowability. The higher the viscosity, the poorer the flowability of asphalt.

　　Marshall 測試：用于評估瀝青混合料的性能，包括穩定度、流值等指標。

　　Marshall test: used to evaluate the performance of asphalt mixtures, including stability, flow rate, and other indicators.

　　Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test：漢堡輪轍試驗，用于評估瀝青混合料的抗車轍性能。

　　Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test： Hamburg wheel track test is used to evaluate the anti rutting performance of asphalt mixtures.

　　Indirect tension (IDT) test：間接拉伸試驗，用于測定瀝青混合料的抗拉強度。

　　Indirect tension (IDT) test： Indirect tensile test, used to determine the tensile strength of asphalt mixtures.

　　瀝青料的老化與改性

　　 Aging and Modification of Asphalt Materials

　　老化：瀝青在使用過程中會受到自然環境和交通荷載的影響，逐漸發生老化。老化會導致瀝青的性能下降，如粘度增加、軟化點升高、延度減小等。為了延緩瀝青的老化，可以添加抗老化劑或采用改性瀝青。

　　Aging: Asphalt will gradually age due to the influence of natural environment and traffic loads during use. Aging can lead to a decrease in the performance of asphalt, such as an increase in viscosity, an increase in softening point, and a decrease in ductility. In order to delay the aging of asphalt, anti-aging agent can be added or modified asphalt can be used.

　　改性：通過添加改性劑可以改善瀝青的性能，如提高高溫穩定性、低溫抗裂性、耐久性等。常見的改性劑有 SBS（苯乙烯 - 丁二烯 - 苯乙烯嵌段共聚物）、TLA（特立尼達湖瀝青）、高模量劑等。例如，生物瀝青及巖瀝青復合改性瀝青可以改善瀝青的溫度敏感性和高溫性能，但會降低瀝青的延度。

　　Modification: By adding modifiers, the performance of asphalt can be improved, such as enhancing high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, durability, etc. Common modifiers include SBS (styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer), TLA (Trinidad Lake asphalt), high modulus agents, etc. For example, bio asphalt and rock asphalt composite modified asphalt can improve the temperature sensitivity and high-temperature performance of asphalt, but it will reduce the ductility of asphalt.

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